Selasa, 18 Maret 2008

Completely in a shitty world!

Ouwwwww....

Have you ever felt like you've been lost in a different world?
Have you ever felt like you've become a nobody but such a poor miserable alien?
Have you ever felt like no one knows you but they know your name?

Have you...?
Have you ever felt this way sometimes?

I try to cry but the tears just not there...
I try to make a scream but no one cares...

I dunno what the hell happen with me...?
I dunno why...?
I just...

Oh, gosh...!
Things go awry...!!

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrCCCCCCKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...!!


Me

In trouble...

Jumat, 07 Maret 2008

Research About The Scarlet Letter Novel Author'd by Nathaniel Hawthorne

THE SIGNIFICANT SYMBOLS IN THE SCARLET LETTER NOVEL BY NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE
By: Osya

I. INTRODUCTION
Literature is always interesting to talk about, as there are some potential values can be found in literature. Stern stated that literature can help students to master the vocabulary and grammar of the language as well as the four skills; i.e., reading, writing, listening, and speaking. In addition, literature also provides exposure to the culture of its speakers by examining universal human experience within the contexts of the particular people. Finally, Stern said that aesthetically, literature’s benefits include the teaching of the literature for its own sake, for the perceptive insight it provides into man’s existence within the artistic and intellectual boundaries of literary framework. Literature, we may conclude, is a speech act or contextual event that elicits certain kinds of attention (Culler, 1997:27). Literature is divided into three forms; i.e., prose, poetry, and drama. Among of all these three kinds, the novel, which is included in prose, is the most expanded one to analyze. Contrasting to the short story, the novel has such a long and more complicated plot than the short story does. According to William Kenney (1966:105), the novel is decidedly not meant to be read at a single sitting. Because of its length, the novel is particularly suited as the short story is not, to deal with the effect on character of the passage of time. Furthermore, in a novel, the reader can find such imaginative characters and moments’ portrayal, and may feel what the character has experienced, as though he or she involves in it. From these reasons above, the writer prefers to choose a novel and is interested in analyzing it.
There are a great number of awesome novels and well-known authors in the annals history of literature. But the writer would rather choose one of the nineteenth century’s great American fiction literatures, which rooted from the period of Romanticism (1820-1860). During this time, there lived Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), one of the most famous American authors, who had wrote many literary works in the form of both short stories and novels. The Scarlet Letter, which was written in the 1849 and published in 1850, is considered to be his masterpiece. The story takes in colonial seventeenth century New England, though it was created in the middle of the nineteenth century.
According to Norman Holmes Pearson in his introduction of the Complete Novels and Selected Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne (1937:xi) stated: “The great beauty of The scarlet Letter as a literary achievement lies in its flexible unity within a strictly patterned complexity; the speculation within the characters’ own minds gives the novel an inner as well as an outer action. The spiritual enrichment of Hester, the decay of Dimmesdale, and the wizening of Chillingworth are each intensified by the development of the other’s natures.”
In fact, after being published, The Scarlet Letter achieved a great success and was hailed as a distinctive American literary work. This is due to the fact that Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter much talked about spiritual and moral issues of American tradition. In addition, it is filled with extremely dense descriptions throughout its story, which inevitably represents Hawthorne’s absolute genius in literature.
Thus, based on of all these facts explained above, the writer choose Nathaniel Hawthorne’s masterpiece The Scarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter is a novel that tells about the anguish of two major characters, Hester Prynne (an unmarried mother) and Arthur Dimmesdale (the young minister). The story opens with the appearance of Hester Prynne, who is imprisoned by the Puritan elders of seventeenth century Boston in the early 1640’s. She is forced to wear a scarlet letter A on her clothes to show publicly that she has committed adultery. Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, is a physician and scientist. Yet, he is described as an evil character. He is ironically the most condemned sinner, the one unredeemable soul, as he is the only one of the three who deliberately chooses evil (Hawthorne, 1987:273). Meanwhile, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is described as a well-respected and charming man, but seems always to be destroyed from within. Pearl emerges as a devil’s child, who is always passionate, intelligent, and energetic.
In fact, The Scarlet Letter is obviously full of symbols. A symbol is something, which is used to represent something broader in meaning. The most obvious example is the scarlet letter A itself, which can be associated with several meanings and not just adultery. According to Nina Baym in the book of A Norton Critical Edition Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter An Authoritative Text Background and Sources Criticism “The Romantic Malgre Lui” (1978:283) “Since the title of Hawthorne’s romance is The Scarlet Letter, the letter symbolizes that tale, which in turn stands as a representative of Romantic Art (a number of critics have suggested that the letter means “Art” in The Scarlet Letter).”
The symbolism is also depicted through the setting and each character. Moreover, the way that Dimmesdale always walks around with his hand over his heart is also a symbolic act that he actually attempts to hide a secret. It is also symbolic that the condition is in gray atmosphere with the dark skies, which symbolizes the concealment and evil’s world.
Some of Hawthorne’s symbols change their meanings, depending on the context, and some are static. Examples of static symbols are the Reverend Mr. Wilson, who represents the Church, or Governor Bellingham, who represents the state. But many of Hawthorne’s symbols change-particularly his characters- depending on their treatment by the community and their reactions to their sins. The characters, the scarlet letter A, light and darkness, imagery, and the settings of forest and village serve symbolic purposes. (
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/The-Scarlet-Letter.id-167,pageNum-86.html).
There are still many examples of symbolism found throughout Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. The use of symbols in The Scarlet Letter plays an important role. In other words, Hawthorne uses a great amount of symbols in his novel to make it more significant. Indeed, Nathaniel Hawthorne frequently uses symbols in almost all his works. It is not surprising that Hawthorne is hailed as a masterful author in using symbolism. He, therefore, is considered to be one of the most prolific symbolists of American literature.
Thus based on some questions about symbolism aspects explored in Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main objective of this study is to reveal some significant symbols found in the novel as well as to explain deeply what the symbols mean actually. These aspects must be closely related to Hawthorne’s intention in creating his novel. One big matter should be questioned is how the novel was created in such a very economical but wonderful way.

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Scarlet Letter novel has obviously its unique kinds of composition by scene, picture, action, and characters as well as composition by metaphor and symbols. The Scarlet Letter is almost all pictures (Chase, 1978:70). Indeed, many researches are interested in analyzing it. Allan Llyod Smith in his article entitled “The Elaborated Sign of The scarlet Letter” stated that all of Hawthorne’s signs in The Scarlet Letter represent multiple ideas and objects. Taking for instance the letter A itself; the novel discusses how the scarlet letter A simultaneously hides and forges Hester’s identity. The word “symbol” itself at first came from Old French, Latin, and Greek (Symbolon means to throw together), which is rooted from the word “syn-“(together) and “bole” (a throw). For Pierce, which is cited in Daniel Chandler’s Semiotics for Beginners-An Introduction, a symbol is a sign, which refers to the object that it denotes by virtue of law, usually an association of general ideas, which operates to cause the symbol to be interpreted as referring to that object. All words, sentences, books, and other conventional signs are symbols (
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/documents/s4B/sem02.html). In addition, Kenney defines a symbol as a basically kind of image, differing from other images in the use to which it is put. Occasionally, the more formal definitions of the symbol is simply the author’s attempt to name those many areas of human experience that ordinary language, literal or figurative, is inadequate to deal with.
Symbolism is included in semiotics discussion. Semiotics is the study of sign process (semiosis) or signification and communication, signs and symbols, both individually and grouped into sign systems. Charles Sanders Pierce (1839-1914), the founder of the philosophical doctrine, defines semiotics as the formal doctrine of signs. He often draws a distinction between icons, indexes, and symbols. Icons are signs whose signifier bears a close resemblance to the thing they refer to. Take, for instance, the picture of someone can be said to be highly iconic because it really looks like her/him, the silhouette of a car and a motorbike is also iconic as the silhouettes look like them, or onomatopoeic words; such as cuckoo, whisper, crash, splash, and cling can also be included in icon. In symbols, there is no relationship between the signifier and its signified. Thus, according to Steven C. Scheer in “Errors of Truth: Deconstruction in The Scarlet Letter” stated that the unstable connection between signifier and signified even extends to the members of the Puritan community many of whom refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification.
Julia Kristeva, one of the French philosophers and psychoanalysts, addresses the issues of the relationship of meaning to language, the relationship of meaning to life, and the relationship of language to life. Her most famous contribution to language theory is the distinction between the symbolic and the semiotic elements of signification. She maintains that all significations are composed of two elements, the symbolic and the semiotic elements. The symbolic element is the referential meaning. On the other hand, the semiotics element is the organization of drives in language. The symbolic itself is the structure or grammar that governs the way, in which symbols can refer.
From the statement of Kristeva above, it can be concluded that without the symbolic element of signification, we have only sounds babble and without the semiotic element, signification would be empty, since the semiotic provides the motivation for engaging in signifying process. As we are as the human beings need to communicate, the symbolic provides the structure to communicate. So, both elements are essentially significant. The signification of the symbolic and semiotic elements guarantees a relationship between language and life experience, and body and soul. In fact, semiotic gives symbols their meaning for human’s life. In addition, signification makes our lives meaningful.
“The important idea in what Kristeva says is that any social practice is articulated like a language. Any social practice has meanings which arise from the code it uses. Everything in our social life has the potential to mean. For instance, wearing clothes in our society does not signify much in itself-though not wearing them certainly does. But what clothes we wear-that is a choice that signifies something” (quoted from
http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/semiomean/semio1.html#criticism).
Meanwhile, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), the father of modern linguistics, viewed semiotics as the most important area belonging to the social sciences. The first principle of semiology, according to Saussure, is the arbitrariness of the sign. He also viewed language as an ordered system of signs whose meanings are arrived at arbitrarily by a cultural conventional. According to Saussure, a pig, for instance, should be called a pig because we, in our language group, agree that it is called a pig.
From these figures’ statements, there can be taken one big general definition about semiotics in our literary criticism. It defines as the approach to literary criticism informed by the theory of signs or semiotics. Related to the object of the study The Scarlet Letter novel, this approach is extremely influential in the development of its research. There will be many aspects of symbolism are able to be explored in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter novel.
The theme of love, as one of the themes implied in The Scarlet Letter, can be identified by one of the theories mentioned previously. The Scarlet Letter is a love story of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. But according to Puritan lifestyle, their love is forbidden and it inevitably will lead them to such a problematic path. By identifying the theme itself, which is the love in a broader meaning, love is something important in human’s life. This fact is stated that semiotics, which includes many aspects of symbols, gives significant meanings in our lives. We live our experience through a series of many stories and events, including to love and being loved. The living body is a loving body, and the loving body is a speaking body. In other words, although we do not tell our stories of lives, we have made it. And love, both the way how to love and being loved, has been spoken by our body and soul. In fact, without love we are nobody but walking zombie. Indeed, love is an essential thing to loving body and it is important to bring the living body to life in language.

IV. CONCLUSIONS
The Scarlet Letter is not only beautiful, extraordinary, and admirable; it is such a true masterpiece of Nathaniel Hawthorne. After all, the story is very picturesquely arranged and wonderfully structured. It is obvious that after analyzing its story some spectacular facts are revealed that the novel has its unique setting, scene, motif, pictures, characters, actions, and language devices; including metaphor and symbol. In this case, one might think that symbols are the most important thing in a story. They are particularly used to unveil the secrets hidden in the story content. So, it is nor surprising that Hawthorne uses such many symbols to represent different things in The Scarlet Letter as; the letter A itself, the black man in the woods, the rosebushes, the meteor, the scaffold, both light and dim atmosphere, sunlight and darkness, civilization versus wilderness, the forest, and the prison, etc. Indeed, symbolism in The Scarlet Letter more frequently becomes a focal point for argumentative debating, critical analysis, as well as scientific researches.
Adultery is presumably considered to be the headline of the story. But, in fact, it is not really what the novel is about. Moreover, The Scarlet Letter is illustrating complicated pieces of the Puritan lifestyle. Hawthorne seems to lead the readers to understand that adultery is neither the only sin nor the most important one. He attempts to reveal a great number of themes about sin, condemnation, alienation, damnation, as well as the alternation of both good and evil. Theme is the main and sometimes universal idea, which is explored in a literary work. Thus based on these united themes, the story of The Scarlet Letter can be related to the story of Adam and Eve, who were eliminated from the Garden of Eden for violating God’s law and rule. There are two opposite ways between them, those are good and evil, and they tend to be in the evil road. Once, after being eliminated from the Garden of Eden, both of them must struggle in a very strict way. In this case, the experience of Adam and Eve is reflected in what Hester and Dimmesdale have experienced and that they suffer from sin and have to be ostracized. By bringing the theme of sin, Hawthorne wants to tell how sin can affect the lives of the characters in particular and the people in general. All the three characters have been caged by their sins; Hester is imprisoned and alienated by her society, Dimmesdale is destroyed from within, while Chillingworth suffers from serious spiritual defect, and Pearl is probably the only character who has free soul.
Furthermore, The Scarlet Letter is much more than a tale of sin; it can be regarded as a strong romantic love story between Hester and Dimmesdale. One of the scenes shows that Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale wish to escape from the town by walking through the forest. They attempt to display their intense love and that their love has surpassed time and distance away. Due to this love as well, Hester does not whish to tell the truth of her secret lover’s identity publicly. She prefers to keep it hidden as her heart secret, even though she would be hung on the scaffolding. Their love is being opposed by society, especially by Hester’s old real husband, Roger Chillingworth. However, they attempt to survive and pass it through successfully.
One may define that symbolism is commonly a sign of something else. In the sense of literary worlds, symbolism as one of the literary devices is defined in such a more complicated way. Indeed, symbols in literature are frequently metaphysical and can be including objects, characters, figures, and even colors which are used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Taking for instance is the letter A that Hester Prynne is forced to wear on her breast. The crimson letter A is highly intended to be ambiguous in meaning. Firstly, the A means adulteress to the townspeople. The letter A, for Hester, is a sentence that she must wear on her bosom when Hester is pregnant during her husband’s absence. Moreover, the letter is a public display of shame to let everyone know that she is an adulteress and people treat her in that way. Secondly, Hester’s A stands for America. Related to the letter A, America is a melting pot many people and ideas. Hester gets the sign A because of certain situations; she is an unhappy wife of Chillingworth and has been separated by away from her husband for two years, she then falls in love with Arthur Dimmesdale, and is being pregnant with him, and finally condemned by a strict Puritan law. Along with American history, Hester is shaped by every event, and various people and cultures. In other words, she develops as the development of America. Thirdly, the letter A represents able, that is an able Hester. She is considered to be an able woman, since she can accept her sentence and condemnation patiently. During facing her punishment, Hester frequently holds her head high, takes with pride all the miseries, and that she is proud to be. Hester can, in fact, show her accomplishment through the ability to overcome her punishment. By these various kinds of meanings, there is such a strong unity between Hester and the scarlet letter; the letter A becomes one with Hester and Hester becomes the letter’s meaning.
To conclude, besides the symbol of the scarlet letter A itself, there is a great number of powerful symbols in the novel. Indeed, the novel was written with symbolism’s fulfillment to enable the readers to find their meanings out and explore them. The story is not only an illustration of how sin can affect strictly to the sinners, rather it is more than that. Thus, due to the fact, Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is not only created to be a story of romantic love, revelation of sin, purity, or the alternation of good and evil, but also a combination of an extremely historical tragedy.

BIBLIORAPHY
Biklen, Sari Knopp. 1998. Research Methodology. Library of Congress Cataloging, New York.
Chase, Richard. 1978. The American Novel and Its Tradition. Gordian Press, New York.
Culler, Jonathan. 1997. Literary Theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.
Eagleton, Terry. 2007. Teori Sastra: Sebuah Pengantar Komprehensif. Jalasutra, Yogyakarta.
Endraswara, Suwardi. 2004. Methodology Penelitian Sastra: Epistemilogi, Model, Teori, dan Aplikasi. Pustaka Widyatama, Yogyakarta.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, ed. 1987. The Scarlet Letter-A Toor Book. Tom Doherty Associates, New York.
Jabrohim. 2001. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. PT. Hanindita Graha Widia, Yogyakarta.
Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyze Fiction. Monarch Press, New York.
Kurnia, Anton. 2006. Ensiklopedia Sastra Dunia. i:boekoe, Jakarta.
Pearson, Norman Holmes. 1937. The Complete Novels and Selected Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Random House, Inc, New York.
Peck, John, Coyle, Martin. 1984. Literary Terms and Criticism. Mac Milan Education LTD, UK, London.
_________. 1978. A Norton Critical Edition Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter-An Authoritative Text Backgrounds and Sources Criticism-Second Edition. W.W. Norton and Compan, New York.

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·
http://www.uwm.edu/Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg144.htm (Sunday, 16th of May 2007, 11.33 AM).
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http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/documents/S4B/sem02.html. Written by Daniel Chandler, (Monday, 03rd Dec 2007).
·
http://www.stevencscheer.com/scarletletter.htm Steven C. Scheer (Monday, 03rd Dec 2007).
·
http://www.eldritchpress.org/nh/sb1.html. Written by Sacvan Bercovitch (Monday, 03rd Dec 2007).
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http://www.protevi.com/john/EDCP/Kristeva.html. Written by Julia Kristeva. (Monday, 03rd of Dec 2007).
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotics (Friday, 7th of Dec 2007, 8.39 AM).
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_literary_criticism (Friday, 7th of Dec 2007, 8.39 AM).
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http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/semiomean/semio1.html#criticism (Wednesday, 14th of Nov 2007, 7.17 AM).
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http://www.enotes.com/scarlet/ (Wednesday, 14th of Nov 2007, 7.17 AM).
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Sebuah Renungan Tentang Waktu

Ambillah waktu untuk berpikir, itu adalah sumber kekuatan.
Ambillah waktu untuk bermain, itu rahsia dari masa muda yang abadi.
Ambillah waktu untuk membaca, itu adalah sumber kebijaksanaan.
Ambillah waktu untuk berdoa, itu adalah kekuatan terbesar di bumi.

Ambillah waktu untuk mencintai dan dicintai, itu adalah hak istimewa yang diberikan Sang Pencipta.

Ambillah waktu untuk bersahabat, itu adalah jalan menuju kebahgiaan.

Ambillah waktu untuk tertawa, itu adalah musik yang menggetarkan jiwa.

Ambillah waktu untuk memberi, itu adalah hari yang sangat singkat untuk kepentingan diri sendiri.

Ambillah waktu untuk bekerja, itu adalah nilai keberhasilan.

Ambillah waktu untuk beriman, itu adalah kunci menuju syuarga.

You can't manage time.

You manage your use of it, or else time will manage you!


C'est la vie!

Sebuah pendapat tentang kehidupan...

Hidup...sangat luas dengan dimensi-dimensi persoalan yang tak terhingga. Untuk itu diperlukan bukan sekedar wawasan yang luas dan pengetahuan yang terus dicari, tapi juga kearifan dan sikap luhur yang konsisten dari hari ke hari.

keceriaan dan kenyamanan hidup tidak slalu tergantung pada kepada hal-hal diluar manusia, melainkan pada kekayaan bathin di dalam diri manusia. Dan umpan tuk memancing keceriaan adalah sikap yang tepat kepada Allah dan kehidupan. Selanjutnya pengolahan mental, pikiran, hati, perasaan, serta segala macam unsur kejiwaan.

Seorang Alban pernah mengatakan bahwa hidup memang keras dan penuh perjuangan, namun jika disikapi dengan kelemah lembutan maka kita kan termotivasi untuk terus dan terus menggali sisi dari kehidupan ini!

Sometimes shit happens in our life...

But it will for sure come to an end!

Trust me!

A story 'bout my best friend!


His name is Elyor Ergashev...

I rather call 'im Elly, since i like this simple name. He is just like my second brother.

Dialah satu-satunya sahabat gue yang emang bener2 baek....sahabat yang slalu gue paksa tuk membaca segala kisah hidup gue, keluh kesah gue, kebahagiaan gue, dan kerumitan gue...pokoknya ia benar2 bisa gue andelin dalam hal curhat! Kayanya ia punya sejuta mata buat membaca cerita2 gue...hehehehe....

Ada kalanya ia memberi motivasi layaknya seorang adviser, tapi ada kalanya juga ia bisa diajak ber-haha-hihi bareng. Tapi ia bukan hanya sekedar pembaca yang baek, tapi juga pendongeng ulung. Ada banyak kisah2 menarik yang senantiasa ia ceritakan ke gue. Rasa2nya ia punya sejuta atau bahkan semilyar dongeng yang slalu bisa ia sajikan. Dan menariknya gue kagak pernah bosen buat baca semua kisah2 dan cerita2 serunya....!

Ia banyak memberi arti dalam keseharian gue. Darinya gue bisa belajar untuk percaya ma orang lain, tentang arti sebuah persahabatan, persaudaraan, dan kasih sayang.

Kehadirannya begitu spesial, kerna ia begitu berbeda dalam pandangan seorang gue! Kesopanannya, kesantunannya, dan kelemah lembutannya dalam berbahasa banyak mencerminkan kepribadiannya yang luhur. Gue kagum dengan keteguhan jiwanya. benar2 kagum! Sebuah anugrah bisa mengenalnya, dan adalah kurnia bisa bersahabat dengannya!

A great hug is always for 'im!

Stay always in touch, Elly!

Mwuach....!!!!